¹⁶ Furthermore, I saw under the sun that in the place of judgment there is wickedness, and in the place of righteousness there is wickedness. ¹⁷I said in my heart, “God will judge the righteous and the wicked, since there is a time for every activity and every deed.” ¹⁸I said to myself, “As for the sons of men, God tests them so that they may see for themselves that they are but beasts.” ¹⁹For the fates of both men and beasts are the same: As one dies, so dies the other—they all have the same breath. Man has no advantage over the animals, since everything is futile. ²⁰All go to one place; all come from dust, and all return to dust. ²¹Who knows if the spirit of man rises upward and the spirit of the animal descends into the earth? ²²I have seen that there is nothing better for a man than to enjoy his work, because that is his lot. For who can bring him to see what will come after him?

¹Again I looked, and I considered all the oppression taking place under the sun. I saw the tears of the oppressed, and they had no comforter; the power lay in the hands of their oppressors, and there was no comforter. ²So I admired the dead, who had already died, above the living, who are still alive. ³But better than both is he who has not yet existed, who has not seen the evil that is done under the sun. ⁴I saw that all labor and success spring from a man’s envy of his neighbor. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind. ⁵The fool folds his hands and consumes his own flesh. ⁶Better one handful with tranquility than two handfuls with toil and pursuit of the wind.